Saint Augustines Deduction that Free Will is a Good Gift...

Saint Augustines Deduction that Free Will is a Good Gift from God Before the central theme of this essay is analytically summarized, it is important to note a few propositions already established in the conversations between Saint Augustine and Evodius. Firstly, Saint Augustine has already ascertained that God gave human beings free choice of the will – Evodius is also sure of this proposition. He deduces that since our existence came from God, then it must be God who gave us free will. Secondly, Augustine then questions Evodius on how he knows that our existence comes from God. His answer begs the question as he†¦show more content†¦Evodius notes that our free will could also be used wrongly. This jeopardizes the second proposition that all good things come from God. Augustine rebuts this argument of Evodius by giving another example. He states that a great good is missing from the body with no hands and yet people can use their hands wrongly (i.e., by committing violent/shameful acts). Augustine is still begging the questi on. He states that it is better to have something which be used for just and unjust acts the not possess it at all. From this statement, however, one can conclude that free will is not a good thing in itself because it can lead to wrong or unjust acts. Saint Augustine was a Christian, and a brief and simple counterexample from his religious perspective could prove this proposition to be false. Augustine states that a great good is missing if someone lost their hands or eyes, which both could be used for good and bad purposes. Yet, Jesus’ philosophy states that it is better to not have something which is causing one to sin or commit unjust acts. Jesus says that it is better to enter the Kingdom of Heaven with one ‘good’ hand than one ‘good’ and one ‘bad’ hand. This would also imply that the ‘bad’ hand was a ‘bad’ gift from God. Further in the discussion, Saint Augustine goes on to say that free will is a good gift since no one can liveShow MoreRelated Happiness in the Fourth Epistle of Alexander Popes An Essay on Man5580 Words   |  23 PagesDesign of the poem, Pope asserted that in order to understand man or any creature, it was necessary first to know what condition and relation it is placed in, and what is the proper end and purpose of its being. For Pope, drawing on a venerable ideal from antiquity onwards, the end and purpose of humanity was happiness.1 As he exclaims at the very beginning of the fourth epistle, The heritage of the supremacy of happiness is impressive. For example, Aristotle believed that happiness was mans strongestRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesSacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant

Purpose Of Me Writing This Portfolio - 979 Words

The purpose of me writing this portfolio is so my reviewers can understand the struggle that i have went through but also the improvement that I have went through this far in the semester. In my final portfolio I am going to put three types of essays the first one is going to be a timed essay the one I am going to put in of the timed essay is going to be my classification timed essay I did this semester. So you can see the growth I made this semester and the difference in my writing when it comes to a timed essay and a regular essay. The second essay I am going to put it in is a teacher edited essay and the name of that essay is called â€Å" What A True Friend Means To Me.† The last essay I am going to put in my essay is a student edit essay and the name of that one is called â€Å" Medication Should be Your choice.† I had a lot of struggle when it came to the timed essay because I felt like I didn t have enough time and I wasn t organized so it took me longer than oth ers. 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Departmental Income Statement free essay sample

Departmental Income Statement A Departmental Income Statement shows each departments contribution margin and net income from operating, after all expenses are allocated for. The Departmental Income Statement shows which departments of the company are the most profitable, and which departments are costing the company money. The Departmental Income Statement helps managers and owners evaluate and control the operations of each department. This is important for running a top quality company. The profitable departments can be expanded to make more profits if they are currently making a profit. The departments that are causing the company to lose money or not gaining enough profits may be cut back, or shut down. The closed department’s income does not dissolve if it is illuminated. The remaining departments absorb the money that was used to fund the closed department. The contribution margin is important to assist in making managerial decisions. The contribution margin is the gross profit on sales minus direct expenses. We will write a custom essay sample on Departmental Income Statement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The contribution margin can also cover the semi-indirect and indirect expenses. The decisions to retain, eliminate, or expand a department or the business, are based on the results from the contribution margin of the department or product. Without having the Departmental Income Statement it would be harder for the company to figure out where the profits and losses are coming from. Having the Departmental Income Statement is an essential document in any business. It helps the company run smooth and efficiently. The managers can expand or eliminate departments that are gaining sufficient amounts of money, or costing the company money.

Thomas Hobbes Leviathan in Todays Political Atmosphere free essay sample

Thomas Hobbes Leviathan in Todays Political Atmosphere BY Elijah The Relevance and Significance of Leviathan in Contemporary Democracy In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Arts Major in Classical Philosophy Seem. Leo Jay D. R. Salvatore 2013 Chapter 1 Introduction Background of the study If not democracy then what? A believer in democracy knows that every person has within him some sort of worth, whether it be the ability to lead a nation or the talent to make a happy home. A democrat believes that the seeds of worth in every person should have a hence to grow into full flower Democracy is also an ideal of government. A democratic government is designed to give everyone an equal opportunity for life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. In the words of Lincoln, it is a government of the people, by the people, and for the people. All these ideas are really ideals. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Hobbes Leviathan in Todays Political Atmosphere or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They have not been realized fully in any part of the world. But they are the ideals that democratic people everywhere are striving to Man is by nature a political Also, man is basically a social being. Tempo, 2005 P 45) A social instinct is implanted in all men by Aristotle once said that life is about realizing actuality- reaching ones full potential which will bring him happiness. [iv] Also, according to Existentialists, man is a project that needs to be actualities by discovering his potentials in a community. Moreover, humans are political animals, who can realize their potential only in the communal setting- in society. Thus, social groups are essential to a persons existence. From his group he gradually acquires his basic social identity. He develops a sense of belonging and identification with other people. (Apollonian Mendoza, 2008. P. 117) Moreover, man is political being in a society and the social nature of man calls for active involvement in the political life of the nation. (Megalith, 1996. P. 127) It is politics that pervades all our activities and encircles man today like the coil of a snake from which one cannot get out, no matter, how much one tries. V] However, in the perspective of Hobbes, all men are by nature are provided of notable multiplying glasses- that is, their passions and self-love- through which every little payment appears a great grievance, but are destitute of those prospective glasses- namely, moral and civil science- to see afar off the miseries that hang over them and cannot without such payments be avoided. (Leviathan xix: 152) Consequently, human beings are naturally relentless egoists. Mingled, 2009) He also views man as by nature equal, that there is in man the equality of ability and of hope. The former speaks of men as equal in the abilities of body and mind while the latter tells of men as may desire the same thing which nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies ; and in the way to their end endeavor to destroy or subdue one another. (Leviathan xviii: 104-105) Thus, n every society without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called war, and such a war as is of every man against every man. Nature has made men so equal in the faculties of the body and mind as that, though there be found one man sometimes manifestly stronger in body or of quicker mind than another, yet, when all is figured together, the difference between man and man is not so considerable as that one man can thereupon claim to himself any benefit to which another may not pretend as well as he. Thus, from this equality rises equality of hope in the attainment of our ends and desires. Moreover, if any two men or more desire the same thing, which nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies; and in the way to their end, which is principally endeavor to destroy or subdue one another. [vii] Consequently, the nature of man is always to desire what is good and yet men end up attaining the apparent good which eventually will startle war. Thus, there is always fear deep within that hinders men to trust others in such a way that everyone becomes their enemies. Covenants are necessary in order to obviate men from going jack to their state of nature. It is actually towards and promoting a Just and humane society because For where no covenant hath preceded, there hath no right been transferred, and every man has right to everything; and consequently, no action can be unjust. But when a covenant is made, then to break it is unjust and the definition of injustice is no other than the not performance of covenant. And whatsoever is not unjust, is Just. [viii] Moreover, the nature of Justice consistent in keeping of valid covenants; but the validity of covenants begins not but with the constitution of a civil rower sufficient to compel men to keep them, and then it is also that propriety begins As Justice dependent on antecedent covenant. [ix] Moreover, it is TN covenant that determines the morality of an action by which Justice emanates. Let him therefore consider with himself- when taking a Journey he arms himself and seeks to go well accompanie d, when going to sleep he locks his doors, when even in his house he locks his chest [x] In tribal conditions people were closely bound by ties of blood. (Mercado, 2006) At that time there were no states or legal relationships which led to different rivalries ND factions among the group or society. Thus, tribes have no bureaucracy, have no public architecture to designate a place of authority. (Mercado, 2006 p. 177) The status of tribe leads to the making of a chiefdom. We find this type in the data system of Mindanao. Its government is hereditary. In spite of its growing complexity, the tribe has the beginnings of a bureaucracy where conflicts are centrally solved. And when the society based on law and the state first arose, people were sharply divided between masters and slaves, rulers and ruled. Slave society with its private property set people against one another. Some individuals began to oppress and exploit others. (Aspirin, 2010) Finally, the status of chiefdom leads to the formation of state. The society has become complex where social inequalities exist. Society is a group of people who engage in cooperative behavior for the sake of a common goal. [xi] It is a moral union of men for the purpose of attaining a common end. Opinion: 172) It is based on mans being-in-the-world, it is in a constant process of development. [xii] In order to exist, societies identify and maintain focus on shared goals[xiii] and that is survival and safety as its fundamental purpose. Xiv] However, when there is no power to keep the society work together, the people will start to live on their own with an egoistic attitude that is in always in competition with others, and the only way to escape from the natural condition which knew only the struggle of all against all, people concluded a social contract. [xv] F there be no power erected, or not great enough for our security, every man will, and may, lawfully rely on his own strength and art, for caution against all other men. [xvi] The only way to erect such a common power as may be able to defend them from he invasion of foreigners and the injuries of one another is to confer all their power and strength upon one man, or upon one assembly of men that may reduce all their wills, by plurality of voices, unto one will; which is as much as to say, to appoint one man or assembly of men to bear their person and therein submit their wills everyone to his will, and their Judgments to his Judgment. This, done, the multitude so united in one person is called the Leviathan, a commonwealth, in Latin civvies. [xvii] The state exists only as a meaner of self-preservation for its citizens. (Mingled, 2009) Thus, the original purpose of the government is to protect life and property to make citizens safe from violence, to insure domestic tranquility, providing for the common defense, securing the blessings of liberty, establishing Justice, and promoting the general welfare. The prime duty of Government is to serve and to protect the people. The Government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal military or civil service. (The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines 1987. Art. II. CE. 4) Humanitys natural condition is a state of perpetual war, fear and amorality, and that only government can hold a society together. ) However, this will only take place through the presence to a covenant. Thomas Hobbes Justice is relative to covenant because where these is no covenant, there will be none to determine the action whether it is Just or unjust. Thomas Hobbes came up with his idea of the state of nature by determining what may happen if government seize to exist. Hobbes mentioned that men will have the right to everything, even to anothers body because there is none to govern people. It is evident that political institution is of crucial importance to any society regardless of the country that man belongs because it quickly affects the social lives of every people. As political influence grows, it is becoming the primary institution for dealing with social and moral problems. Politics and morals are intimately related. (Megalith, 1996. P 128) What was political was also moral and what was morally wrong could never be politically right. [xviii] Thus, when government fails to function properly, it is the whole society problem. For many years, the Philippines is under a democratic form of government and any event and changes had transpired for the past years, the ups and downs of the economic status affecting the basic commodities of the people, the different laws implemented like that of R. H. Law and the demolition of government traditional pork barrel, the coming of different investors from different places around the world, the price hike of gases, the value of peso that skyrockets and goes down below in the world market, and the likes. These different events and changes that transpired in Philippine history showcased the kind of democracy that has been operating in the country. In democracy, the power lies with the people. However, it is no utopia[xix] in which men enjoy the fullness of what society functions on man, assert their rights and consume the goods and services of a productive economy of the country. A loyalist of the Marcos regime when ask of the status quo of the political situation will give you a grim, miserable, and hopeless picture of the political set-up today. But if a diehard Aquinas supporter is asked, he will give you all the bright and optimistic assessment of the political picture. However, today, what is happening in our country has raised many questions about the democratic form of governance. Why is it that despite the fact that men are in a democratic form of government, wars, like that of Bandwagons-lilacs in Mindanao against the Armies of the Philippines which remain unsettled for many years under the supremacy of the different president of the Philippines and the dispute against the Malaysian government over the unsettled claims of the Saba that costs many lives of Filipino, and different crimes and mischievous acts are still prevalent. The way coalition politics has created political instability today and various big and small parties are indulging in different combinations as per their own personal interests. Because of this many people feel that politicians are totally unscrupulous and only to promote their own interests, and do not care for the country. The Philippines, for many years of being under a democratic form of government, has become well known for its abundance in natural resources, natural beauty, great personalities, and the many good and positive qualities that are in it. Today, Philippines economy is fast-accelerating with the aid of foreign investors and different private sectors. However, despite the fact that people are under this kind of government, it is clear that crimes remain prevalent. It is because of this that so much freedom that is given much emphasis on this kind of governance that deterrent barbaric[xx] crimes remain to be manumitted everywhere. Why is that? Hobbes wrote about the freedom that citizens must possess, the liberty of the subject lies only in those things which, in regulating their actions, the sovereign has permitted: such as is the liberty to buy and sell and otherwise contract with one another; to choose their own abode, their own diet, their own trade of life, and institute their children as they themselves think fir; and the like. (Leviathan xix p. 3) Thus, this shows that all others are governed by the laws constituted by the government. However, with the laws we have, does it show that our laws superficial? Are laws not working any longer in this kind of democratic governance? Is it enough that the legislatures make laws without proper implementation and exerting power over the people in order to properly impose the laws? Are laws powerle ss over the people in order for it to be obeyed, or is it Just because people, in this kind of governance, exercise exceedingly their freedom that nothing else compel people to obey as such? How much freedom must a citizen surrender in government? Why is it that despite the fact that after having attained the kind of governance that people have always wanted during the Marcos time is that people are continuously becoming unscrupulous? What kind of governance do people really need in order to keep Justice at work? Does the Justice system really work or it remains to be ideal and unattainable? Does it calls for a ruler, a Leviathan of Thomas Hobbes, in order to keep justice at work amongst men or are we happy with the kind of governance we have right now? Or should there be a common power set over with right and force sufficient to compel performance Cause the bonds of words are too weak to bridle mens ambition, avarice, anger, and other passions without fear of some coercive power. (Leviathan xiv p. 1 1 5) Aristotle is very much displeased in a democracy as a form of government in which he presents a case of an extreme or tyrannical democracy. (Tuck, 2006. 178) According to Aristotle, wherever the laws were not supreme, there was room for demagogues to spring up and seize power, and the decrees of the multitude would supersede the laws, which ultimately results in a sort of democracy which is to other democracies what tyranny is to other forms f monarchy. [xix] The Roman Republic from the third century BC is the clearest example of Aristotle idea of an extreme democracy. [xii] In that state, every piece of legislation could be changed by a decree passed by the majority vote in the Plebian Council, but the deliberative process was confined to the senate. [xiii] And it is this Roman model of extreme democracy, which Aristotle attacks, in which the constitution had too high a degree of unity among its citizens. [xiv] in Hobbes term, a single will that Hobbes believed was in fact the only legitimate form of lattice association. Xv] If there were conflicts of interest among the citizens, Machiavelli and Hobbes said that the state regulates competition in order to achieve harmony. (Mercado, 2006 p. 180) In ou r political and social grounds, men act out of particular motives. Some do good for their own benefit. Some do good in order to be well-known. Some do good to preserve the self at the expense of others. Some do good so that others will applaud them. Moreover, people will to help because of some mercenary motives as Thomas Hobbes would say it. For no man give but with intention of good to myself; because gift is voluntary; and of all voluntary acts, the object is to every man his own good; to which it men see they shall be trusted, there will be no beginning of benevolence or trust, nor consequently of mutual help, nor of reconciliation of one man to another; and therefore they are to remain still in the condition of For Hobbes, a Leviathan in a democratic form of government is apt and in demand for all its goals to be achieved. What people actually need is a leviathan which will establish a covenant where people have to follow whatever may it takes so long as it ill be for the attainment of peace and security because he had an egocentric view of man as solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. (Leviathan xiii p. 107) Our own benefit, welfare or interest is the only thing that provides an ultimate motive or reason for acting. [xvii] Thomas Hobbes did not make Justice relative to power but reliant on covenant for man is totally egocentric. Hobbes wrote, where there is no common power, there is no law; where no law, no injustice. (Leviathan xiv p. 108) What is in covenant can never be unjust because it is formulated towards the betterment of everyone, and event can do harm if men will not obey what is agreed upon. Hobbes spoke of Leviathan the state as an artificial man, the end result of the covenant of all the citizens. [xviii] Hobbes claims that the ruler and the ruled are one person (Mercado, 2006 p. 179 ) to whom all responsibility for social order and public welfare is entrusted. (Leviathan 17) Statement of the Problem The Leviathan is a vigorous and realistic argument for politics. The word, taken from the name of a terrifying sea monster referred to in the Old Testament, is meant to suggest the frightening authority that Hobbes considers necessarily to compel obedience and order in human society. [xix] Hobbes characterized Leviathan as the immortal god to which we owe our peace and defense. [xx] For by this authority, he has the use of so much power and strength conferred on him that, by terror thereof, he is enabled to form the wills of them all to peace at home and mutual aid against their enemies abroad. Xii] And in him consists the essence of the commonwealth, which, to define it, is one person, of whose acts a great multitude, by mutual covenants one with another, have made themselves every one the author, to the end e may use the strength and meaner of them all as he shall think expedient for their peace and common defense. And he that carries this person is called sovereign and said to have the sovereign power; and everyone besides, his subject. [xiii] The idea of Leviathan is to make laws well executed in which people are themselves maker and contributor of these laws under the form of social contract. He wrote that in a well-ordered commonwealth not men should govern, but the laws. (Leviathan 17) In Hobbes work, he explained that if individuals within a society continually lived by their own self-interests and passion and if they do not let homeless be committed to the laws, they would continue to hurt each other and be stuck in a state of war[xiii], or chaos. If the members of society were made to live within certain bounds that made it impossible for them to harm each other, the members to society would be in a state to peace. The only way to achieve this peaceful society, Hobbes explained, was for all members to unconditionally transfer all of their ability and will, to defend themselves to the power of a Leviathan, which calls for a kind of governance that will enact laws in order to make men at peace and y reducing their wills, by plurality of voices, unto one will. (Leviathan xviii p. 142) Throughout history, it is seen that the stronger states try to impose their will on t he weaker nations Just as in the case of the Philippines and of America, of China with regards to Sprats, and Borneo with the Sultans claim of Saba. Only the fear of other strong nations prevents Philippine from doing so. Thus, Justice is seen here as confined to power and superiority. However, it should not be so because Justice must not be restricted only to those who are powerful and capable to refuse but to that which is in the covenant- to what has been agreed upon. It is also evident that Justice has been the main problem of the poor or to those who belong to the lower class in the society Just as in the case of the people during the people power revolution that were abused and maltreated and yet Justice was not given to them while the rich had theirs. The Filipino mentality has been colored by different prejudices and biases. It is believed that Justice is only for those who have power and money. If one does not have money and power, Justice should not be granted. This is the system that has been working in the culture of Filipino people. The concept of Justice has been misunderstood and changed by the influential people in the society. However, with the mentality of the Filipino people of behalf an, the injustices remain to be manifested. People, despite the fact that corruptions are reported, continuously support the same politicians. With this attitude of the Filipinos, we remain stagnant like that of Germany which is called carcinogenic. Thomas Hobbes implies to the idea of social contract to resolve the problem of injustices and discord. If social contract were not created, there would be no law. If theres no law, the citizens would do as they please. If thats the case, the citizens will disregard traffic sign, traffic light, restriction sign, and everything that is bawl will have its way to be done. However, despite the fact that there are laws that restrict us from doing so, why then that people still do and violate as such? Should we blame the laws, or the people behind all the executions of these laws on the constituents themselves? Or the kind of leaders we have? Thomas Hobbes is a great help in the social and political problems of Filipinos through the kind of governance he gave emphasis on. It is a Leviathan in government that is necessary in todays status quo. The people must be compelled to follow laws under the power of the Leviathan in order to promote the welfare of every man that lives in a society. The problem all lies with the people who grant Justice, the leaders who govern the people, and the people who are under these leaders. Thomas Hobbes Leviathan works on the concept of covenant in relation to Justice will definitely give the solution with the problem of the Filipinos injustices that reigns for many years. Hobbes defined Justice as keeping of covenant Is a rule of reason by which we are forbidden to do anything destructive to our life, and consequently a law f nature. (Leviathan xv p. 122) What do people need is a Leviathan leader that can exercise interference with private transactions, such as buying, selling, trade, and the education of ones children. The Leviathan has got to be Judge of what opinions and doctrines are averse and what conducing to peace, and consequently on what occasions, how far, and what men are to be trusted withal in speaking to multitudes of people, and who shall examine the doctrines of all books before they be published. (Leviathan xviii p. 147) For the actions of men must proceed from their opinions, and n the well-governing of opinions consists the well-governing of mens actions, in order to their peace and concord. Xvii] The ruler must even decide what is good and evil, and the religion of his subjects[xv] because varieties of religion will eventually lead men to wage war against each others. Mores, religion is a part of human politics, and teaches part of the duty which earthly kings and leaders require of their subjects (Leviathan xii p. 96) like a verse he borrowed from the apostles Matthew 7:12; Luke 6:31 saying quad tibia firer non visa, alter nee effects what you could not have done to you, do no t do to others. (Leviathan xiv p. 110) Man is rational yet self-interested. (Apollonian Mendoza, 2008) Thus, Thomas Hobbes wanted us to be ruled by a Leviathan in order to relinquish men from their egoistic passions and to promote Justice and peace to everyone. Hobbes firmly believes that if there is only one set of beliefs that will govern us all, Justice and peace will never be far. Thomas Hobbes wanted men to realize that everything starts with laws until such time that the system that governs these laws be the system of our life too. Hobbes as very particular when he speaks of covenant that would lead towards peace and justice, and it is only possible when people know how to cooperate with the leader(s) and the other way around and know how to abide laws which they themselves are the establisher and maker of such laws. Consequently, the researcher came up with questions while doing the thesis on hand. 1 . What is the Leviathan in Thomas Hobbes and what are its fundamental characteristics? 2. Is the Leviathan relevant and achievable and if so, how? 3. What, if ever, are its most fundamental and significant strengths and weaknesses? Significance of the Study: It is clearly evident how our Justice system works in our society in our present time. Justice, the highest virtue, should define the right and dues of the people that must be accorded to them. Basically, people associate the state as one that promotes justice and security to its constituents. Indeed, there would be no Justice if there is no security, and there will be no security if there is no covenant that will govern society to ensure this. This calls for a leader, a Leviathan, whose primordial duty is to make order possible amongst men. The so called Leviathan has more the obligation o endorse the welfare of every citizen by making everyone good followers of the law by making rewards and punishment in every act which is highly influenced by the materialistic view of Hobbes. With the covenant whereby an individual have to deal a piece of their right of nature in order to uphold collaboration between people, everyone can transfer their rights of nature between each other and which forms the basis of moral obligation. Indeed, through covenants made, each must fulfill his duty without reference to others but in reference to the covenant to abstain from inactions and punishments that may be inherited and acquired. Each must give what it must and should by which no one should and could complain for everyone is in the same situation. [xvii] The researcher the idea of the Leviathan of Thomas Hobbes can be a great help in our dysfunctional and corrupt Justice system and to correct our value system in order to better of democracy. If men would only submit their wills to the sovereign which produces a collective decision to make a particular will to a general will then peace and prosper for all will be possible. Gone will the days that people let go of crimes hat remain to unpunished because every good action would be rewarded and every evil action castigated Just as it is written in the bible that every good acts merits reward as every evil act merits punishment. This, accordingly, only be possible if men are compelled to act as they should. This philosophical research paper would play a significant role in our social and political life as moral and political beings. It will guide us towards a Just and humane society by which everyone enjoys their rights and privileges and what is necessary as well as obligingly do their duties and obligations to provide the people in a society he aid in making our world the so called the best possible world as other philosophers would say it. Scope and Limitation The thesis will be tackling the necessity of a Leviathan in todays generation. In order to do this it will cite the more recent political situation in the Philippines and their corresponding affect on the people in terms of Justice, wealth distribution, Job opportunities, education, etc. The thesis on hand will be citing the value of the political contribution of Thomas Hobbes Leviathan in relation to our political arena as a democratic country. This thesis will deal more on the need for a Leviathan dervish as an option and alternative form of governance in todays atmosphere. Thus, it will tackle on the virtue and character of the Leviathan given in the book of Thomas Hobbes. It will also discuss how this political paradigm better suited to our people and nation. Also, this philosophical paper will indulge more the readers to the relative role of the leaders and the citizens in building up a better and Just world through covenant made which are they themselves establisher of this covenant. This philosophical paper uses Thomas Hobbes guiding principles which are found in his book Leviathan. The study will indulge more on the characteristics of the Leviathan as a sine qua non[xviii] to our contemporary times and how can it be a great help in dealing more on the political problems which affect the social status of men. Finally, it will discuss on the merits and the flaws of the Leviathan paradigm visa- a-visa our present political status quo. Methodology The researcher used books, magazines, newspapers, and different resources from the internet that eventually led to the better understanding of the thesis on hand. The researcher came up with the idea of the anthropological hermeneutics, ascription, and analysis of data that served as his guide towards the finishing of this thesis . The researcher read varieties to articles, Journals, and books, and t interprets them in a way that everyone can comprehend it. Moreover, the method used by the researcher is more of descriptive, analysis, and interpreting of ideas. Related Literature Megalith, Daniel. (1996) A Challenge and a Promise: Mahatma Sandhogs Philosophy of Man and Life. M S Publications Trinitarian. In the book, by Megalith, he made mentioned of Shindigs different philosophies that tackles everything about man. In the chapter four of the book, entitled Sandhogs hilltops of life, one of the subtopics that were included was about man and politics. In it, he said that man is a political being and that we are all called to actively be involved in the political life of the nation. Thus, a responsible participation in politics is an inescapable duty. Politics are part a part of our being. Man is ought to understand the national institutions and everything that transpires in the nation. Moreover, the political activities form an important part of ones day to day life. It affects our social stability and moral life. Politics affects our way of living, our beliefs, and our environment. Undeniably, man today is so much caught up in the political machine that service of the people is impossible without taking part in politics. From here, the author saw Gandhi as a politician and regarded political activity as a part of the effort of mimosa or a stage in my Journey to the land of eternal freedom and peace, and he regarded himself as a politician trying to be a saint. This book shows how Sandhogs philosophy made a reconciliation between politics and man- that politics is an essential part in man by which politics are always in the service of man in order to attain mimosa the eternal bliss. It is by meaner of politics that man arrives at truth because truth requires service of ones fellowmen. In relation, Megalith made used of the tenets of Gandhi to show how politics necessarily affects our social lives. If the government treat people with what is due and in accordance to what must be given to each and everyone, then there will be social stability, a peace. There will be no more strikes, rallies, and the likes. The book wanted to elucidate the importance of laws in politics and society by which it leads everyone to a peaceful world. Cruz, Alfred. (5, September 2013) The Philippine Star. Breakthrough; Justice not

How to Make Pure Sand (Silicon Dioxide) in a Lab

How to Make Pure Sand (Silicon Dioxide) in a Lab Sand that you find on a beach consists of several minerals and organic matter. If you could separate out the impurities, you would have pure sand, which is silica or silicon dioxide. Here is how to prepare pure sand yourself in the lab. It is an easy project that only requires a few chemicals. Ingredients for Sand sodium silicate (make sodium silicate yourself)sodium bisulfatewater Make Pure Sand Mix together 5 ml sodium silicate solution and 5 ml water.In a separate container, use a glass stirrer to mix 3.5 grams sodium bisulfate into 10 mL of water. Keep stirring until the sodium bisulfate dissolves.Mix the two solutions together. The resulting gel that forms at the bottom of the liquid is orthosilicic acid.Place the orthosilicic acid into a heat-safe glass or porcelain dish and heat it over a burner flame for about 5 minutes. The orthosilicic acid dries to form silicon dioxide, SiO2, which is your pure sand. Sand is non-toxic, but it presents an inhalation hazard since the small particles could become trapped in your lungs if inhaled. Therefore, enjoy your sand, but dont play with it like you might with natural sand.

Huaca del Sol (Peru)

Huaca del Sol (Peru) Definition: The Huaca del Sol is an enormous adobe (mud brick) Moche civilization pyramid, built in at least eight different stages between AD 0-600 at the site of Cerro Blanco in the Moche Valley of the northern coast of Peru. The Huaca del Sol (the name means Shrine or Pyramid of the Sun) is the largest mud-brick pyramid in the American continents; although much eroded today, it still measures 345 by 160 meters and is over 40 meters tall. Extensive looting, the purposeful diversion of the river alongside the Huaca del Sol, and repeated El Nià ±o climatic events have impacted the monument over the centuries, but it is still impressive.The area surrounding Huaca del Sol and its sister pyramid Huaca de la Luna was an urban settlement of at least one square kilometer, with midden and rubble deposits up to seven meters thick, from public buildings, residential areas and other architecture buried beneath the floodplains of the Moche River.Huaca del Sol was abandoned after a large flood in AD 560, and it was likely the influence of similar El Nià ±o-triggered climate events that did much of the damage to Huaca del Sol. Archaeologists associated with investigations at Huaca del Sol include Max Uhle, Rafael Larco Hoyle, Christopher Donnan, and Santiago Uceda. Sources Moseley, M. E. 1996. Huaca del Sol. Pps 316-318 in Oxford Companion to Archaeology, Brian Fagan, ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Sutter, R. C. and R. J. Cortez 2005 The Nature of Moche Human Sacrifice: A Bio-Archaeological Perspective. Current Anthropology 46(4):521-550. S. Uceda, E. Mujica, and R. Morales. Las Huacas del Sol y de la Luna. This site is a marvelous source of information about the Moche, and has English and Spanish content.This glossary entry is part of the Dictionary of Archaeology.

Corporate governance for westpac Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate governance for westpac - Assignment Example In addition, it has profound implications at all the levels of an organization (Hill and Jones 27). Significantly, the document reveals that numerous scholars argue that strategic planning provides a mere and perhaps less relevant understanding of strategic decision making, thus, the increasing adaptive strategy. In response, this document provides a comprehensive critique to the existing literature against the perception of emerging trends as well as the pressures in the contemporary business world. Therefore, it has referred numerous sustainability competencies that suggest the need of capable consideration of holistic and systemic pressures predicting future scenarios and considering how numerous stakeholders would perceive normative business practices. The sources have revealed that the Westpac group ranks among the top listed financial companies on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASE): in September 2010 Westpac’s market capitalization realized E.5 billion (AUD). Addit ionally, it has five key diverse customers; significantly, it serves approximately, 12.8 million customers ranging from institutional, business and retail banking, wealth management, and insurance. For instance, there is the Westpac Institutional Bank (WIB), Westpac Retail and Business Banking (WRBB), and BT Financial Group (BTFG). The sources have further identified that sustainability plays a central position in Westpac’s vision. The vision states that the Westpac has become one of the largest firms in assisting consumers, communities and prosperous people. Significantly, the company recognizes the links between healthy societies and sustainable businesses. Accordingly, Westpac has managed its direct as well as indirect environmental impacts. It has put appropriate strategies of dealing with the critical issue, such as climate change. Significantly, the company has recognized that climatic change influences profoundly on economic, social, and environmental aspects in their operating regions. Consequently, the Westpac has considered such issues before embarking on their investments, lending, and operational decisions. Additionally, the company has

The Trojan women Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

The Trojan women - Assignment Example His brave abduction of the beautiful Helen, wife of Menelaus, sparked off the Trojan War .â€Å"†¦..Athens was a city ostensibly at peace but feverishly preparing a massive military expedition to far-off Sicily, a war of choice whose purpose†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Euripides, et al pg. 4). Paris is self-centered person and portrays significant egocentrism and often unmanly. He fights effectively with a bow and arrow and never with the more manly sword or spear but rather often lacks the spirit of going to the battle and prefers to sit in his room making love to Helen while others fight for him. This rare romantic indulgence by a man during war earns Paris scorn from both Hector and Helen. Paris is significant in the storyline since his craving desire and eventual sexual relationship with Helen is the cause of the war and surrounding conflicting political interests in troy. He finally died from the same war he contributed in its flare up and his wife was later married by his brother Deiphobus (Euripides, et al.34-7). Paris represents the stereotype that historical prophesies hold as his marriage to Helen went in line with the earlier Aphrodite, the Goddess of love. The moral lesson that can be learnt from this case humility and chastity which Paris lacked and led to a series of bloody atrocities as indicated by Trojan

The Gospel According to Luke commonly shortened Essay Example for Free

The Gospel According to Luke commonly shortened Essay The Gospel According to Luke commonly shortened to the Gospel of Luke or simply Luke is the third and longest of the four Gospels. This synoptic gospel is an account of the life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. It details his story from the events of his birth to his Ascension. The purpose of Luke is to write a precise and reliable history of Jesus’ Christ’s life, while bringing out the theological significance of the history. He is a Greek and the only Gentile Christian writer of the New Testament. The language of Luke reveals that he is an educated man. We learn in Colossians 4:14 that he is a physician. In this book Luke refers many times to sicknesses and diagnoses. Being a Greek and a doctor would explain his scientific and orderly approach to the book, giving great attention to detail in his accounts. He addressed his Gospel to the Greek people (a non-Jewish). The Gospel according to Luke is the first part of a two-volume work that continues the biblical history of God’s dealings with humanity found in the Old Testament, showing how God’s promises to Israel have been fulfilled in Jesus and how the salvation promised to Israel and accomplished by Jesus has been extended to the Gentiles. The Gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts are closely related. Written by the same author and for the same purpose, both were addressed to a Christian named Theophilus and were designed for the purpose of presenting to him a complete and well authenticated narrative of the early history of the Christian movement. Luke was a faithful friend and travel companion of Paul. , who came to be known in Christian circles as the Apostle to the Gentiles,. He wrote the book of Acts as a sequel to the Gospel of Luke. Some discredit Lukes Gospel because he was not one of the 12 disciples. However, Luke had access to historical records. He carefully researched and interviewed the disciples and others who were eyewitnesses to the life of Pauls interpretation of Christianity as a universal religion did much to eliminate the barriers between Jews and Gentiles. When Jews and Gentiles are contrasted in Luke, often the Gentiles are presented in the more favorable light. As nearly as we can determine, the Gospel of Luke was written toward the end of the first century, probably between the years 85–90 A. D. By this time, Christianity was fast becoming a worldwide movement. The predominant theme in the book of Luke is the perfect humanity of Jesus Christ. The Savior entered human history as the perfect man. He himself offered the perfect sacrifice for sin, therefore, providing the perfect Savior for humankind Luke shows the broad humanitarian character of Jesus work that was manifested from the first in Jesus attitude toward the Samaritans and others whom the Jews regarded as their enemies. Jesus never failed to commend those who had a humble and contrite heart and it made no difference whether they were Jews or Gentiles. Lukes Gospel gives special emphasis to prayer, miracles and angels as well. Interesting to note, women are given an important place in Lukes writings. The gospel closes with an account of the resurrection and the subsequent meetings of Jesus with the disciples and others. As two men are walking to the village of Emmaus, Jesus joins them, but the men do not recognize Jesus until he sits at a table with them and blesses the food that they are about to eat. Later, Jesus meets with the eleven disciples in Jerusalem and overcomes their suspicions by showing his hands and feet to them. They cook some fish, and Jesus partakes of the food with them. Then follows a farewell discourse to the disciples, during which Jesus gives them instruction concerning what they should do. Afterward, they go together as far as Bethany, and after blessing the disciples, Jesus departs from them.

IT and the Business Cycle :: essays research papers

IT and the Business Cycle There is a regular business cycle, which lasts for about 9 years. The cycle is characterised by a period of growth, then strong growth and then recession. Unfortunately, the cycle isn't exact and it isn't dependable, or else you could make money out of it, by gambling on it. Sometimes it lasts 7 years, sometimes 10 or 11. In the later stages of the last business cycle some odd things were happening. Growth in the US economy was much higher than anyone expected and unemployment much lower. Productivity statistics from the US Government suggested that from 1996 productivity was improving at an average 2.2 percent per year, which was a dramatic improvement on the 1 percent average for the previous 25 years. The point at which productivity turned up coincided with the point at which the Internet started to become visible. That may have been a coincidence, but there was another strange quirk in the figures. Investment by US companies since 1990 has been static in every area except in IT, where it rose dramatically by a factor of 14 over the decade. And to cap it all, the bulk of the productivity improvement in the US economy was confined to the IT industry itself. In theory, IT should be counter-cyclical and it usually is. The benefit that IT is supposed to deliver is automation. It either cuts costs and/or improves productivity, accordingly. The figures from the US suggest that it was doing the latter in the glorious 90s and particularly in the later years. In the current part of the business cycle it will be cost cutting that matters. The heady days of optimism are over and the era of cautious IT investment has arrived. So what are the information technologies that will do well in this era? Here's one thought. Consider the anomaly of Moore's Law. This suggests that CPU power will double every 18 months and it has done just that for over 30 years. Actually Moore's law doesn't just apply to CPUs, but also memory, disk, buses and just about every aspect of a computer or network. One would think then, that it would have brought down the cost of computing as a matter of course. However, it didn't have that effect until recently, because most of the accelerated capability was delivered to the PC where its contribution to productivity was minimal.

Position Argument on Medical Marijuana

There seems to be a constant need to provide conflict in our society. Everywhere you turn you will find articles fighting against the legalization of medical marijuana, which in this state, is already legal. What an interesting concept having to continue to defend the legality and why it should be legal in the first place. Heaven forbid we have something that actually helps people tolerate the pain they have to constantly live with. Why would we want to give them some relief? We are actually putting some income back into the economy instead of throwing it away to some criminal or helping the Mexican Cartel make a profit. Now why in the world would we want to do that? These are the questions that come to my mind when I hear about everything going on with the cannabis issue. Let’s get down to some brass tactics as they say on everything that is being said against this issue. First off you hear, it is a gateway drug to addictive drugs like cocaine and heroin. Well that is funny, because if you survey the people hooked on cocaine and heroin, in most instances you will find that they actually abused beer and alcohol first. They did not start with marijuana. This is according to polls taken by a number of organizations looking into the addictiveness of this type of pain killer. There is no evidence that marijuana is addictive. People like to use marijuana because it makes them feel good. Now it has been proven to be an effective pain killer. What is the problem then? Look at all the people sitting in jail right now for using marijuana or trying to distribute marijuana. Our tax dollars pay for all these people sitting in jail for using marijuana simply because our government went and listed it as a Schedule 1 drug way back in the 1950’s. Even though it has been proven that it is not addictive and should not be listed this way-we can’t seem to get them to change this. The only reason it seems that this isn’t being done is because the pharmaceutical companies have our politicians and government in their back pocket. They support them financially. Well that, of course, is way more important than maybe providing someone with pain relief. Our economy is in the toilet right now. I’m just thinking about how many new jobs would become available if we were opening medical marijuana dispensaries all over the country. That doesn’t ven include the growers and caregivers that would now have an income coming in. Instead, they continue to keep marijuana illegal in most states. How many farmers could continue to stay in business if they could legally grow marijuana as a crop for sale? It just doesn’t make any sense when you look at all the people on unemployment or who have lost everything because there just isn’t enough work out there. Yet, there is millions and millions of dollars spent every year on illegal marijuana. There is also millions and millions of dollars every year spent on trying to stop the drug cartels bringing in marijuana for illegal sales. Then there are millions and millions of dollars spent every year on putting people in jail and maintaining them for the use or sale of marijuana. All of this money going out and no profit coming in. Who is making the profit? The drug cartels make the profits. What do they do for us? Well, let’s see, they kill and exploit people. There was a report that said 6,000 people were murdered by the cartels last year, many of them were innocent children, police officers, reporters and politicians. Shouldn’t we spend our money legally and help the people of our country earn a living, instead of helping these drug cartels make a profit. What do you think? Now we have to touch on the issue that it isn’t a medical pain killer. Where do people think â€Å"Marinol†, the product used to assist cancer patients, came from? It uses THC which is derived from the marijuana plant. The FDA approved this drug. Did you know that the use of this drug can cause hallucinations? Smoking a â€Å"joint† doesn’t do that. Yet they just don’t want to approve marijuana itself. Whose pocket do you think they are being held by? The excuses are that it is smoked not ingested. Who cares? If it relieves pain by the natural use of this plant, then let us use it! Especially since they are not finding any terrible side effects like they do with most of the other pain killers people are addicted to like vicadin and methadone. What about the cocaine and morphine that is prescribed by many doctors? Do you know the history of marijuana? It goes back to 2737 B. C. where an emperor in China used marijuana for treatments of gout, malaria and poor memory. Ancient cultures in Egypt, Rome, Greece, Asia, the Middle East, Africa and India had many uses for marijuana. It was used for religious purposes, stress and pain relief. We actually used marijuana hemp seeds and roots for inflamed skin and V. D. in the late 18th century according to our American history. It became illegal, except for medical use, by â€Å"The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937† and of course you had to pay a tax to use it. It only became illegal in these United States in the 1950’s when the FDA listed it as a Schedule 1 substance. This means it is suppose to be a high value for abuse with no medical value at all. Research has proven so differently. There have been many attempts to change this by various reform groups over the past 30 years but the FDA still has not responded. It is amazing, that our own federal government grew & supplied a number of medical patients with medical marijuana in 1978. Why is this even an issue now? There are more deaths from alcohol or tobacco use than ever reported by use of marijuana. Alcohol abuse can cause death to the user or unfortunately to the innocent people that end up in a car crash with the abuser. Alcohol abuser’s can end up with a destroyed liver. Alcohol abuse is usually the main cause of domestic violence acts. Yet, alcohol is legal. How many of these types of incidents have you heard of from marijuana use? You’ve heard of violence from cocaine and heroin users, but marijuana, I think not. Now we go to tobacco. Addictive, yes highly, just ask the millions of people that can’t quit but would love to. How healthy is this? You hear all the time of the problems caused by â€Å"second hand† smoke. That isn’t even the problems caused for the actual smoker. Cancer and breathing disorders are on the top of the list of disease caused by the use of tobacco. Again, this is legal. Does this make any sense to you? Marijuana does not cause violence, addiction, death, cancer or breathing disorders. Yet, it is an illegal drug? It should not even be a drug. It should be classified the same as tobacco and alcohol at the least or put with the list of â€Å"herbal† remedies used today. After all it is a plant. Personally, I believe there seems to be too much controversy over this subject. Just legalize it and be done with it. Now people have jobs and patients have an alternative pain medicine to use. Put it in the category it belongs. Give us the money the drug cartels get and help put our economy back on its feet. Isn’t this what living the American Dream is all about anyways?

Julius Caesar Concession

Julius Caesar Concession Essay Marcus Brutus was a noble man. He was loyal to himself and never did anything wrong without believing that what he was doing was right. Even though killing Julius Caesar was wicked and evil, when he did it, he had all the right intentions. Up to his very last breath, he thought that he was saving the people of Rome from an unjust ruler. He never wanted anything bad to come from it. He thought that he could bring peace to Rome Marcus Brutus, however, was very easily deceived. As long as someone told him that doing something would bring good, he would do it.This allowed Cassius to quite easily trick Marcus Brutus into doing what he wanted him to do. And being as sneaky as Cassius was he was able to pretty easily blame it on Marcus Brutus. The fact that he could be so easily tricked made him a prime target for Cassius to do the dirty work and share the blame. It can be argues that since he was so easily manipulated that you can’t really tell how goo d of a person he was. But since his intentions were so noble, that he was a truly honest, noble man. Unlike the other conspirators who chose to take place in the assassination of Caesar, Marcus Brutus did it to help his people.All of the others only took place in the assassination due to jealousy and dissatisfaction. And for Marcus Brutus, it was a big sacrifice to him as well, seeing that he and Caesar were good friends. And that that proves just how noble his intentions were. That he would kill his own friend if it meant that others could be safe. Even his enemies (Mark Antony and Octavius Caesar) respected him for the honest man that they knew that he was. He did evil things, that that did not make him an evil man. It’s like the old saying: â€Å"It’s the thought that counts† Works Cited Shakespeare, William Julius Caesar.

Free Essays on Coase - Price Mechanism And The Entrepreneur

Coase believed that it was important to enquire â€Å"why co-ordination is the work of the price mechanism in one case and the entrepreneur in the other†. How did Coase ultimately explain the choice between the alternatives? Using an industry of your choice illustrate how Coase’s theory of the firm helps explain the organisation of firms within that industry. Introduction Based predominantly on the work â€Å"The Nature of the Firm† (1937), in which R.H. Coase explored, in depth, the reasons for the emergence of organisational management through entrepreneurialism in the economic environment, this paper aims to outline and explain the concept of co-ordination of the factors of production, and the place of the price mechanism and role of the firm within the economic system. We will also attempt to highlight the threshold of the price mechanism and entrepreneurial co-ordination, and explain that upon which the choice between alternatives is based, whilst endeavouring to apply our conclusions towards practical example from Ireland’s modern-day industrial environment. Price Mechanism & the Entrepreneur The key to resolving the conflict between the independent price mechanism and managerial forms of co-ordination within the economic system is to interpret and understand the cost advantages and disadvantages of using the market, or command and control, to get things done. Coase introduces the equilibrium concept in his 1937 paper by referring to Sir Arthur Salter’s model of the economic system. In this system, â€Å"supply is adjusted to demand†¦ by a process that is automatic, elastic and responsive† (Coase 1937). The price mechanism allows for the economic assumption that firms are unnecessary, as the market is in a position to efficiently co-ordinate production without guidance or control. A primary method or conveying the operation of market co-ordination is to look at the concept of ‘perfect competition’, wher... Free Essays on Coase - Price Mechanism And The Entrepreneur Free Essays on Coase - Price Mechanism And The Entrepreneur Coase believed that it was important to enquire â€Å"why co-ordination is the work of the price mechanism in one case and the entrepreneur in the other†. How did Coase ultimately explain the choice between the alternatives? Using an industry of your choice illustrate how Coase’s theory of the firm helps explain the organisation of firms within that industry. Introduction Based predominantly on the work â€Å"The Nature of the Firm† (1937), in which R.H. Coase explored, in depth, the reasons for the emergence of organisational management through entrepreneurialism in the economic environment, this paper aims to outline and explain the concept of co-ordination of the factors of production, and the place of the price mechanism and role of the firm within the economic system. We will also attempt to highlight the threshold of the price mechanism and entrepreneurial co-ordination, and explain that upon which the choice between alternatives is based, whilst endeavouring to apply our conclusions towards practical example from Ireland’s modern-day industrial environment. Price Mechanism & the Entrepreneur The key to resolving the conflict between the independent price mechanism and managerial forms of co-ordination within the economic system is to interpret and understand the cost advantages and disadvantages of using the market, or command and control, to get things done. Coase introduces the equilibrium concept in his 1937 paper by referring to Sir Arthur Salter’s model of the economic system. In this system, â€Å"supply is adjusted to demand†¦ by a process that is automatic, elastic and responsive† (Coase 1937). The price mechanism allows for the economic assumption that firms are unnecessary, as the market is in a position to efficiently co-ordinate production without guidance or control. A primary method or conveying the operation of market co-ordination is to look at the concept of ‘perfect competition’, wher...

Comment, Suggestion, and Feedback

Comment, Suggestion, and Feedback Comment, Suggestion, and Feedback Comment, Suggestion, and Feedback By Maeve Maddox A reader asks about these three words: I was wondering about the differences between comment, suggestion, and feedback. They often seem to be used interchangeably. I would like to know how to use each word appropriately in different contexts.    Here are the relevant definitions of these words in the context of social media: comment noun: a remark or criticism on or upon anything. suggestion noun: an idea or thought suggested, a proposal. feedback noun: information about the result of a process, experiment, etc. The word comment has the broadest application because a comment can contain a suggestion or provide feedback. The comments that follow the posts on this site provide examples of all three terms. Comment Carnival – The word derives from a phrase meaning â€Å"the putting away of flesh†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ as in the fasting from meat as Christians [according to traditional dogma] are supposed to do during Lent. It became an event of feasting and revelry because it’s the last chance for the next 6 weeks to indulge in that delicious pot roast, steak dinner, or other self-gratifications. The reader has added information relating to a post about words derived from a Latin word meaning flesh. This kind of comment enriches the site by expanding the post in a relevant manner. Suggestion Could you also clarify and explain the origins of â€Å"chalk it up†. I’ve also seen â€Å"chock it up† which I assume is an error.   I’ve also heard â€Å"chop it up† in the same context. This reader, in commenting on the post about chock-full, has made a suggestion for a future post. Such suggestions keep me supplied with topics. Feedback I think your spelling of cockeyeed is incorrect.  I think it is spelled cockeyed. (minus one e) Feedback can be positive or negative. Comments that express agreement or appreciation let writers know they’re on the right track with their intended audience. Comments that point out errors or ambiguity enable the writer to improve a published post. NOTE: I like to receive feedback that points out typographical errors by way of email, rather than in the open comments section- and not just to minimize my embarrassment. When the error has been corrected in the post, the comment remains as a distraction to future readers. The figurative use of feedback derives from a technical term relating to electronics: feedback noun: The return of a fraction of the output signal from one stage of a circuit, amplifier, etc., to the input of the same or a preceding stage, â€Å"positive feedback† tending to increase the amplification; â€Å"negative feedback† tending to decrease the amplification. Also, a signal so returned. I’ll take this opportunity to thank my readers for all three- comments, suggestions, and feedback. They are and have been of tremendous benefit to me, as a blogger and as a student of English. Related post: Comment Etiquette Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comma After i.e. and e.g.20 Words Meaning "Being or Existing in the Past"The 7 Types of Possessive Case

Nursing Theories Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nursing Theories - Assignment Example This can be achieved by following and applying a theory for each time of intended care i.e. Nightingales Environment theory to care for the patients’ environment, Watson philosophy and Science of Caring to help build a bond with the patient and Parse human becoming theory to cater to the patient’s emotional and psychological needs. Nightingales Environment Theory was theorised by none other than Florence Nightingale who is an aspiration for all nurses around the world. Florence Nightingale believed that the nurse was primarily responsible in utilizing the environment and assist in speedy recovery of the patient. This particular theory primarily focuses on taking care of the patient by managing the patients’ environment either at home or within the nursing settings. The theory states that the patients’ environment needs to be altered in such a way that the conditions are optimal for his/her comfort, well being and recovery. The alterations may include ventilation, temperature, air flow, cleanliness, bedding, food, and even offering of word of hope or advice. Posotive changes in one’s environment have a positive effect on the life and well being of a person. The second theory is Watsons Philosophy and science of Caring forms the basis of philosophical and ethical responsibility of nurses. It is the ethical responsibility of the nurse to provide heartfelt care to each and every patient that the nurse comes in contact with. It helps them develop a bond with the patients under their care. The nurses need develop a strong relation by offering dignity, respect and love to their patients. The nurses need to be open to their patient and take care of them with eagerness and warmth and build a caring and protective environment around the patient and guide the patient find inner harmony. The relation maybe made stronger by sharing experiences, offering hope and talking to each other without any ego or other problems. The Parse Human

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethics - Essay Example Egoism is also in conflict with conflict regulation. There are times when a moral choice requires one to act contrary to one’s own interest. The application of egoism would not allow this. UTILITARIANISM   People who prescribe to utilitarianism believe that one should always act in favor of what will provide the greatest amount of happiness for all people involved. The theory challenges one to measure happiness. This is difficult as happiness is subjective to each individual. Furthermore, utilitarianism condones terrible acts such as murder if those acts provide pleasure to the greatest number of people. Another concern is that there is no solid guide to follow and acts are often in conflict. Sometimes it is okay to do things like steal, other times it is not. Individuals must weigh the results of a particular action each time one encounters it in order to calculate the corresponding level of happiness for everyone involved and determine the proper course of action in each u nique scenario. CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE   The Categorical Imperative admonishes people to act the way they would want all other people to act. The theory assumes that people are rational and will act accordingly. Those who are irrational for any reason, including illness, would be exempt from practicing this theory. Moreover, actions taken by an individual may be in conflict when one considers perfect duties and imperfect duties. Bold statements of perfect duties such as never tell a lie govern behavior, but if a lie prevents someone from getting hurt one must do one to support the other when applying the categorical imperative. One could also stretch the rules to allow almost any action, because the rules are already broad in nature. NATURAL LAW   Natural Law theorizes that anything is moral that supports basic rights including survival, procreation, and maintenance of health. People may have trouble defining natural laws and determining how to apply them. In addition, oneâ€⠄¢s views on religion and the role of God in nature intertwine with the definition of Natural Law. Because one’s views on religion and the role of God in nature are determined on an individual basis, the theory is difficult to practice with any consistency across a group of people. Natural Law may also condone specific acts that many would view as immoral or unethical because they are not in conflict with any natural law. For example, many consider rape immoral, but one could argue that the act supports procreation if the intent of the act was to create a child. THEORY OF JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS-MAXI MIN   The theory of Justice as Fairness—Maxi Min suggests that one should balance opportunity with inequality. Equality is difficult to measure and one must reduce equality to embrace the lowest common societal denominator in order to apply this theory. In practice, however, this allows inequality on the other end of the spectrum. In practice, people must apply a veil of ign orance in order to apply the two principles inherent in the theory. People may find the veil of ignorance challenging to achieve. Additionally, the theory is difficult to apply on an individual basis and more aptly applies at a community level. WILL TO POWER - Existentialist Theory of Nietzsche   Nietzsche proposes that all humans naturally exert their will on others. Because each person acts selfishly, there are no altruistic acts. The desire to

Islamic Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islamic Art - Essay Example For this reason, construction of mosques as well as other buildings related to religion was considered the responsibility of rulers of that time. Therefore, the patronage of caliphs played an important role in the development of early Islamic art forms. This patronage allowed the birth of Islamic architecture, the decoration of religious buildings and their furnishings; a trend that was previously unknown to the world. In contrast to the art forms of other regions which utilize sculptures or paintings as the predominant form of expression, the Islamic art utilizes decoration as a medium or art and expression. The initial manifestations of this type of art work are seen in monuments and mosques of those times, which portray decoration that is extraordinary and expensive in nature. Due to the vital position of mosques in the Islamic society, decoration as a medium of expression was applied on these buildings during the early period of Islam   (Lapidus 97). Another unique art form ter med calligraphy also started to evolve; this time into patterns that were not only meant to communicate the message of Islam, but also to contribute to the aesthetic value of mosques and other religious buildings. This decorative use of the sacred texts in buildings that was religious in nature paved way for various art forms that were aesthetically appealing to a wider audience. Hence calligraphy started finding place in objects like stone, wood, glass, pottery and textiles. Dome of the rock was built in the seventh century.

Guidelines on Human Resource Management Policies

Guidelines on Human Resource Management Policies SRTATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HR professionals, help people in an organizations management. They identify the best candidates and employers to fill open positions is an employees right to work, to make sure that. HR professionals to apply for workers compensation, workplace safety, benefits and value through the development of programs related to employee relations employees are working to keep. Recruitment and selection Recruitment of specialists working to fill open positions within the organization. Must comply with the internal rules of engagement and compliance with all laws and regulations that deal with discrimination in the recruitment process. These companies can staff post ads for jobs, CV-screen candidates to interview and recommendations from recruiters. Examples of work in connection with this feature is a recruiter, recruiting specialized staff and manager. Compensation and Benefits Compensation and Benefits professional staff to ensure that their jobs will be right back. Its like they have health insurance, medical and vision insurance, life insurance and short-term disability coverage for employees who work to provide such benefits. In the field of industry, labor and wage data analytics professionals to conduct research, prepare and distribute reports for staff compensation and benefit packages may have trouble negotiating with external suppliers. Wages, benefits consultants, compensation and benefits management, reward management and staff researchers working in the area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹compensation and benefits, there are some in the industry. Health and safety A master of the health and safety of their employees with vested interest in work-related injury, a considerable amount of money every year is the price. Professional health and safety protection programs, the implementation of health policy and security, and to work with state and federal safety regulations to ensure compliance with development work and to prevent occupational diseases and accidents. In this area of work security director, security supervisor, member wellness package planner and executive of member wellness. Labour and Employee Relations Labour relations between the employer and its employees. Works in the field of industrial relations, between the manager and the worker will be able to negotiate a deal. Solve problems related to employee performance, employee relations worker. They maintain a positive employer-employee relationship and a mental collapse and reduced production stops. Available in the field of employee relations and human resources and employee relations representative vacant labour relations consultants, industry relations, managers, labor relations director, manager, employee relations, including consultants,. Training Training and development professionals assess the training needs of the organization, the training of staff and evaluation of the results of the session ended. If these professionals can make plans for a new orientation and employee training programs for knowledgeable workers. Preparation experts also make sure that personnel comprehensive exercise as vital by the safety and health Administration, or OSHA frequency and other organizations. Work in the field’s necessary training, coaching and development manager, instructional designers, e-learning specialist, director of learning and development, learning and professional development and training and development manager. Risk Management Business risk management is a technique used to transfer the risk to the organization. In human resources, risk management is analysing each region and identify potentially harmful. For example, professional risk management practices employment agency looking to find out if there are potentially discriminatory and may lead to a lawsuit. The risk during this process is the possibility of abuse, loss of property, injury and damage to the company. Our work in this area is extremely dangerous and risk management manager. Managers and Directors Human resource managers and directors of human resources to manage the work of other experts. Managers can act as a bridge between employees and management, the companys growth strategy will make recommendations for the new hiring and compensation policies. HR Director as information of all characteristics of HR management. Meet these goals and support staff to carry out the goals of the department directors. The human resource director to resolve a controversial or sensitive issues, conflict resolution and mediation skills needed to improve. ANSWER 3.2 REQUIREMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE POLICIES Guidelines on the development of HR Policies 1. Introduction It is clear that the development of human resources and evaluation of policies, guidelines and try to clearly delineate the characters and accountabilities of those convoluted in the work process of communication. The role of the leader of the five stages of organizational development of a suitable work area, according to the principles described in the study and development of the human resources division synchronized with the field. 2. Design and Development 2.1Stage 1 Identification Over the years, people departmental resources in Human Resources Committee updated on the development and implementation of related design. Division in the development, he called me, and improve and make progress, people will be given. School officials, teachers, and safety of the environment in the data, and the organization down. 2.2 Stage 2 Scoping Community Resources community will begin the process of demarcation of skin conditions and direct strategies to ensure that the policy is in accordance with the instructions of the branch instructions. Management team to identify people who will lead in determining the course of development, equality and diversity policies and services. Team management will be identified and involved in the regulation expires. Each will lead to facilitate focus groups, which will be held on the advice of its human resources and management, management of school / school is responsible for managing the program, and the Director of the loans, using / use policy. Focus groups can be represented by the President and others as may be required with the help of information technology. Accruals usually takes up to 4 weeks. 2.3 Stage 3 Drafting Focus groups and the development of the first draft of the policy to be considered in the context of retaining executives. At this point, research focus groups in the working groups for each of the representatives to formulate policy. Policy development activities that can be done by staff in the field, a series of meetings with the possibility, either. Although the development of policies in all discussions / documents will be treated confidentially. Ensure that the design of policy and action plan for the implementation of the policy, adequate capacity and the device can be managed by a group of human resource management is presented. Consultation usually lasts up to 4 weeks. 2.4 Stage 4 Consultation In the design of the scope of the plan that I have to be sent to the ministry of the heads of the University of the Department / Director, the Unions to consult with their own members and, where appropriate, to drink in he chooses; more extensively and in the design of lorem University. Its a life he wishes to and promotions where appropriate, in like manner shall they be judged by the legal obligations was also instructed that Antiochus and the University will be used to provide consulted. All the feedback will be collected, and peruolutandi in the design is going to be necessary to be done, for example. Consultation relating to the maximum six weeks. 2.5 Stage 5 Approval Approval of the Executive Board must be some areas. Final draft was approved by the Human Resources Committee and under the formal nature of the universe explained that no amount of advice from the staff of the company. 3. Implementation 3.1 Plan will have three stages. As suitable the Human Resources Division will graft with the Welsh Language Services to confirm the Welsh translation of all applicable certification in line with the University’s Welsh Language Scheme. 3.2 Subsequent support by the Academy the new policy will be dispersed to all Heads of School and Trade Unions for their evidence, the strategy decide be located on the website and a sign located on the University notice board recommending control of the new procedure and other acknowledged statement procedures proper to the Policy. 3.3 A sequences of updating factories will be applied to connect the strategy. The Human Resources Partition will work with Schools/Directorates to recognise any improvement essentials in virtual to the new policy and will develop an appropriate development programme for staff involved. 4. Monitoring 4.1 Monitoring procedures, with Equality and Diversity Impact assessments, for strategies will be recognised and practical where appropriate; this will be contingent on the specific need of the policy. 4.2 These guidelines will be rehabilitated and assessed yearly to safeguard their efficiency. REFERENCE http://work.chron.com/types-human-resources-management-jobs-14618.html http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/humrs/staffinfo/policyprocedures/guidelinesonthedevelopmenthrpolicies.html

romanticism Essays -- essays research papers

Romanticism and Rationalism Romanticism began in the mid-18th century and reached its height in the 19th century. The Romantic literature of the nineteenth century holds in its topics the ideals of the time period, concentrating on emotion, nature, and the expression of "nothing." The Romantic era was one that focused on the commonality of humankind and, while using emotion and nature; the poets and their works shed light on people's universal natures. Romanticism as a movement declined in the late 19th century and early 20th century with the growing dominance of Realism in the literature and the rapid advancement of science and technology. However, Romanticism was very impressionative on most individuals during its time. Rationalism or Realism was erected during the mid 19th century. Realism are ideas that are brought up in philosophical thinking. The realistic movement of the late 19th century saw authors accurately depict life and it's problems. Realists attempted to gi ve a comprehensive picture of modern life by presenting the entire picture. They did not try to give one view of life but instead attempted to show the different classes, manners, and stratification of life. The Rationalist recognizes that they must master their own destiny, using their unique powers of reason and the scientific method to solve problems. Such authors that represent these two eras are Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, William Wordsworth and Charles Darwin. Romantics believed that one needed to understand nature to understand oneself. In other words, only through nature could one discover who they are. Emerson shows this in his writing called "Nature". In the exert "†¦man beholds somewhat as beautiful as his own nature." This depicts Emerson's feelings toward nature; view nature as you view yourself. If one views nature as caring and compassionate, one will also see themselves as caring and compassionate. Similarly if you understand na ture you will know yourself better. As one gains wisdom from nature, one begins to realize that understanding is a gate way to the divine as well as to oneself. Other writers also agreed with this notion of nature. In the essay "Walden" by Thoreau, Thoreau had left society to move into a shelter outside of his town. By living on only the necessities he lived his life as simple as he could, thus fin... ...eling of the lump of figures in the center of the raft. The X form of the composition draws your eye all around the composition. The eye starts at the top right with the Revolutionary figure holding on to a piece of cloth in the colors of the French Revolution and then is drawn down the diagonal. Gà ©ricault then depicts the striving, the dying, and the dead as they overlap each other in a fierce struggle to survive. The eye is then drawn up and down the dark opposing diagonal. This whole scene is then placed on the mighty ocean to delineate the fact that the raft is a metaphor for France being on a hostile ocean of depravity. The Grande Odalisque also typifies Romanticism. Ingres, using example such as the Mannerist Parmaganino’s Madonna with a long neck, takes the artistic license to elongate the figure of this Turkish harem girl. Influenced by the neo-classical revival Ingres draws upon the Greek technique of flat linear forms and depicts his model in an impossible pos ition allow us the view of both her shoulders and her breast; the figure is given an extra three vertebrae in order to maintain this position. Ingres endows a feeling of sensuality into the figure instead of the pai

The Cove Analysis

The Cove: Analysis of Rhetorical and Cinematic Strategies The general reason for a documentary is to put forth factual information while attempting to convince the viewing audience of a specific point of view. The film crew behind ‘The Cove’ does this in a way that is informative and accurate, while presenting the information in a manner that allows the viewer to draw their own opinions. ‘The Cove’ follows famous Dolphin Trainer-turned-activist Ric O’Barrey into the dangerous land of Taiji, Japan, where dolphin genocide is occurring.The ‘dolphin trade’ that is taking place kills thousands of dolphins every year. While those behind the dolphin-capture and trade suggest that it is a Japanese tradition to murder dolphins for food and other goods, most of the civilians of Japan are completely oblivious to these affairs. Though many are against it, the phenomenon that is dolphin-capturing has not been stopped. This film makes a point to teach the audience about the events in the cove of Taiji, raise awareness of the inhumane dolphin-slaughter, and gain support and funding to stop the dolphin decimation.In order to persuade viewers to want to fight for the lives of these cetaceans, the film makers and producers use a series of rhetorical strategies, cinematic techniques, and recurring motifs to draw the audience in and capture their hearts with a pitiful and sympathetic understanding. â€Å"The Cove† has caused me to lament with the dolphins living in the cove of Taiji, compelling me to actively attempt to end dolphin-massacre, which is exactly what this successful documentary set out to accomplish.In order to convince the viewers of their point, director Louie Psihoyos and activist Ric O’Barrey use a combination of the rhetorical strategies logos, ethos, and pathos. The most prominent strategy applied in this film was the use of pathos. Pathos is defined as ‘an element in experience or in artistic rep resentation evoking pity or compassion. ’ (Mirriam-Webster) This strategy was first made prevalent as we watched dolphins being held in captivity. Even when they weren’t in their natural habitat, the dolphins were smiling, making an immediate connection with the viewer.Another moment when pathos is instated occurs when Ric emotionally recounts the personal story of the well-known and loved Flipper committing suicide in his arms. Not only does this invoke a sense of emotion in the viewer but it automatically puts us on Ric’s side, as he fights against anyone trying to harm them. The most conspicuous use of pathos is when we actually witness film of the dolphins being treated terribly and coldheartedly murdered by the Japanese dolphin traders.The image of innocent sea creatures being killed, grabbed, and run over by boats instantly lurches the viewing audience into distress, which is the reaction set out to attain by the film makers. The second rhetorical strategy used in this film is logos, or the appeal based on logic or reason (RPI. edu). The film makers present us with this method throughout the movie when statistics about the dolphins are projected on a black screen. This gives viewers straight information that seems unbiased and factual, in a sense that no images or scenes interact with the information given.Logos is also used when Ric is explaining to the viewer that dolphin’s have high levels of mercury. He makes the connection that if the Japanese people knew how high the mercury levels were, they would stop eating them. Also, many people are scammed into eating dolphin while assuming a purchase of another animal. So, the fact that many Japanese citizens have high mercury levels, and in many cases, mercury poisoning, means that dolphins should stop being consumed as a food source. This makes sense based on logic and reason.The last rhetorical strategy used in this film is ethos, or the ‘appeal based on the character of the speaker. An ethos-driven document relies on the reputation of the author. ’ This is obvious throughout the film, as Ric and Louis gain our confidence and trust as valid sources. They are able to attain our certainty by supplying us personal accounts of their scientific background. Also, we find out that Ric O’Barry is one of the most famous dolphin trainers in the world. His connection to the well-known television show, Flipper, puts him in an honest and authentic position in the viewers eye.This film used not only rhetorical strategies to convince the audience of a specific viewpoint, but also well-known cinematic techniques. Because the style of this film is a documentary, the actuality of this film automatically makes it more believable, plausible and realistic. If this was a film only based on true events and used actors or scripted stories, it would be harder to side against the dolphin traders, and seen more as a sad, entertainment type movie. Throughout the movie, the voice of the director or the activists is playing while the clips are being shown.This not only allows them to speak directly with the viewer, but lets beliefs and annotations flow freely. The exposition of a film is ‘background information, regarding setting, characters, and plots. ’ It is important in ‘The Cove’ because an introduction to the matter at hand is necessary, and it also presents the initial position and stance regarding the issue. In the film, montage clips are often used showing dolphins in distress and captivity. These clips are often juxtaposed to scenes of wild and free dolphins, roaming the ocean and jumping through waves.This creates a sense of drama, and gives us something to compare and contrast. It sets up a ‘good and bad’ or ‘right and wrong’ which is important when proving a point. A very common technique used in this film, as in most documentaries, is the interview. Well-qualified scholars and activists, divers, and volunteers were chosen carefully. Interviews can be very helpful when trying to get point across because specific questions can be asked to get certain answers. The setting of an interview is also taken into account. For example, in Ric O’Barry’s interview, we see that there is a dolphin painting in the background.We also can see that he is in a home-like setting. This is easily relatable and makes us think that his life revolves around the small cetaceans. Also, the fact that those being interviewed are all in accordance shows that the view and opinion is shared by many, and is therefore a valid belief. Some of the most persuasive information comes from the repeated structures throughout the movie. Camera angles, lighting, and background sound effects all are chosen carefully and attempt to convince the viewer of a specific attitude. For example, we quickly note that the Japanese dolphin traders are the antagonists of this film.Every shot we see of the man named ‘personal space’ is from a personal camera and tends to be very close-up. The obvious protagonists are the main ‘characters’ because we are able to sympathize with them. A dolphin is shown drowning after taking its last breath. Once this scene is over, the camera turns to the two divers, and shows that their faces are filled with sorrow. Concurrently, we see the men laughing as dolphin is drowning right in front of them. These scenes were not chosen at random, but rather were selected to further intensify the cruelty of the traders and capitalize on the glory that we see in our narrators.Lighting has a large part in the mood of a film. Whenever the editor’s want us to view something as ‘bad’, shots that are dark, dramatic, or in night vision are shown. This contrasts the bright colors and lights that accompany our dolphin heros in scenes and interviews. The music and sound effects also affect the manner of a film. For i nstance, whenever we were meant to feel happy, aquarium music would play, as opposed to the deep and dark lighthouse bells ringing when the dolphin cove was on screen. I believe that the most effective technique used in this film was the feeling of suspense.Many of the images were captured through ‘hidden camera. ’ This provides a sense of reality and lets us know for a fact that what we are seeing is raw film. Also, the sense of secrecy reveals how urgent this situation is. Although this, in my opinion, was the most persuasive, the combination of every strategy was necessary to the documentary’s success. This film was able to use cinematic and filmography techniques along with a strong sense of rhetoric to generally convince the viewers of the makers’ beliefs and point of view on the topic at hand.