Islamic Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islamic Art - Essay Example For this reason, construction of mosques as well as other buildings related to religion was considered the responsibility of rulers of that time. Therefore, the patronage of caliphs played an important role in the development of early Islamic art forms. This patronage allowed the birth of Islamic architecture, the decoration of religious buildings and their furnishings; a trend that was previously unknown to the world. In contrast to the art forms of other regions which utilize sculptures or paintings as the predominant form of expression, the Islamic art utilizes decoration as a medium or art and expression. The initial manifestations of this type of art work are seen in monuments and mosques of those times, which portray decoration that is extraordinary and expensive in nature. Due to the vital position of mosques in the Islamic society, decoration as a medium of expression was applied on these buildings during the early period of Islam   (Lapidus 97). Another unique art form ter med calligraphy also started to evolve; this time into patterns that were not only meant to communicate the message of Islam, but also to contribute to the aesthetic value of mosques and other religious buildings. This decorative use of the sacred texts in buildings that was religious in nature paved way for various art forms that were aesthetically appealing to a wider audience. Hence calligraphy started finding place in objects like stone, wood, glass, pottery and textiles. Dome of the rock was built in the seventh century.

Guidelines on Human Resource Management Policies

Guidelines on Human Resource Management Policies SRTATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HR professionals, help people in an organizations management. They identify the best candidates and employers to fill open positions is an employees right to work, to make sure that. HR professionals to apply for workers compensation, workplace safety, benefits and value through the development of programs related to employee relations employees are working to keep. Recruitment and selection Recruitment of specialists working to fill open positions within the organization. Must comply with the internal rules of engagement and compliance with all laws and regulations that deal with discrimination in the recruitment process. These companies can staff post ads for jobs, CV-screen candidates to interview and recommendations from recruiters. Examples of work in connection with this feature is a recruiter, recruiting specialized staff and manager. Compensation and Benefits Compensation and Benefits professional staff to ensure that their jobs will be right back. Its like they have health insurance, medical and vision insurance, life insurance and short-term disability coverage for employees who work to provide such benefits. In the field of industry, labor and wage data analytics professionals to conduct research, prepare and distribute reports for staff compensation and benefit packages may have trouble negotiating with external suppliers. Wages, benefits consultants, compensation and benefits management, reward management and staff researchers working in the area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹compensation and benefits, there are some in the industry. Health and safety A master of the health and safety of their employees with vested interest in work-related injury, a considerable amount of money every year is the price. Professional health and safety protection programs, the implementation of health policy and security, and to work with state and federal safety regulations to ensure compliance with development work and to prevent occupational diseases and accidents. In this area of work security director, security supervisor, member wellness package planner and executive of member wellness. Labour and Employee Relations Labour relations between the employer and its employees. Works in the field of industrial relations, between the manager and the worker will be able to negotiate a deal. Solve problems related to employee performance, employee relations worker. They maintain a positive employer-employee relationship and a mental collapse and reduced production stops. Available in the field of employee relations and human resources and employee relations representative vacant labour relations consultants, industry relations, managers, labor relations director, manager, employee relations, including consultants,. Training Training and development professionals assess the training needs of the organization, the training of staff and evaluation of the results of the session ended. If these professionals can make plans for a new orientation and employee training programs for knowledgeable workers. Preparation experts also make sure that personnel comprehensive exercise as vital by the safety and health Administration, or OSHA frequency and other organizations. Work in the field’s necessary training, coaching and development manager, instructional designers, e-learning specialist, director of learning and development, learning and professional development and training and development manager. Risk Management Business risk management is a technique used to transfer the risk to the organization. In human resources, risk management is analysing each region and identify potentially harmful. For example, professional risk management practices employment agency looking to find out if there are potentially discriminatory and may lead to a lawsuit. The risk during this process is the possibility of abuse, loss of property, injury and damage to the company. Our work in this area is extremely dangerous and risk management manager. Managers and Directors Human resource managers and directors of human resources to manage the work of other experts. Managers can act as a bridge between employees and management, the companys growth strategy will make recommendations for the new hiring and compensation policies. HR Director as information of all characteristics of HR management. Meet these goals and support staff to carry out the goals of the department directors. The human resource director to resolve a controversial or sensitive issues, conflict resolution and mediation skills needed to improve. ANSWER 3.2 REQUIREMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE POLICIES Guidelines on the development of HR Policies 1. Introduction It is clear that the development of human resources and evaluation of policies, guidelines and try to clearly delineate the characters and accountabilities of those convoluted in the work process of communication. The role of the leader of the five stages of organizational development of a suitable work area, according to the principles described in the study and development of the human resources division synchronized with the field. 2. Design and Development 2.1Stage 1 Identification Over the years, people departmental resources in Human Resources Committee updated on the development and implementation of related design. Division in the development, he called me, and improve and make progress, people will be given. School officials, teachers, and safety of the environment in the data, and the organization down. 2.2 Stage 2 Scoping Community Resources community will begin the process of demarcation of skin conditions and direct strategies to ensure that the policy is in accordance with the instructions of the branch instructions. Management team to identify people who will lead in determining the course of development, equality and diversity policies and services. Team management will be identified and involved in the regulation expires. Each will lead to facilitate focus groups, which will be held on the advice of its human resources and management, management of school / school is responsible for managing the program, and the Director of the loans, using / use policy. Focus groups can be represented by the President and others as may be required with the help of information technology. Accruals usually takes up to 4 weeks. 2.3 Stage 3 Drafting Focus groups and the development of the first draft of the policy to be considered in the context of retaining executives. At this point, research focus groups in the working groups for each of the representatives to formulate policy. Policy development activities that can be done by staff in the field, a series of meetings with the possibility, either. Although the development of policies in all discussions / documents will be treated confidentially. Ensure that the design of policy and action plan for the implementation of the policy, adequate capacity and the device can be managed by a group of human resource management is presented. Consultation usually lasts up to 4 weeks. 2.4 Stage 4 Consultation In the design of the scope of the plan that I have to be sent to the ministry of the heads of the University of the Department / Director, the Unions to consult with their own members and, where appropriate, to drink in he chooses; more extensively and in the design of lorem University. Its a life he wishes to and promotions where appropriate, in like manner shall they be judged by the legal obligations was also instructed that Antiochus and the University will be used to provide consulted. All the feedback will be collected, and peruolutandi in the design is going to be necessary to be done, for example. Consultation relating to the maximum six weeks. 2.5 Stage 5 Approval Approval of the Executive Board must be some areas. Final draft was approved by the Human Resources Committee and under the formal nature of the universe explained that no amount of advice from the staff of the company. 3. Implementation 3.1 Plan will have three stages. As suitable the Human Resources Division will graft with the Welsh Language Services to confirm the Welsh translation of all applicable certification in line with the University’s Welsh Language Scheme. 3.2 Subsequent support by the Academy the new policy will be dispersed to all Heads of School and Trade Unions for their evidence, the strategy decide be located on the website and a sign located on the University notice board recommending control of the new procedure and other acknowledged statement procedures proper to the Policy. 3.3 A sequences of updating factories will be applied to connect the strategy. The Human Resources Partition will work with Schools/Directorates to recognise any improvement essentials in virtual to the new policy and will develop an appropriate development programme for staff involved. 4. Monitoring 4.1 Monitoring procedures, with Equality and Diversity Impact assessments, for strategies will be recognised and practical where appropriate; this will be contingent on the specific need of the policy. 4.2 These guidelines will be rehabilitated and assessed yearly to safeguard their efficiency. REFERENCE http://work.chron.com/types-human-resources-management-jobs-14618.html http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/humrs/staffinfo/policyprocedures/guidelinesonthedevelopmenthrpolicies.html

romanticism Essays -- essays research papers

Romanticism and Rationalism Romanticism began in the mid-18th century and reached its height in the 19th century. The Romantic literature of the nineteenth century holds in its topics the ideals of the time period, concentrating on emotion, nature, and the expression of "nothing." The Romantic era was one that focused on the commonality of humankind and, while using emotion and nature; the poets and their works shed light on people's universal natures. Romanticism as a movement declined in the late 19th century and early 20th century with the growing dominance of Realism in the literature and the rapid advancement of science and technology. However, Romanticism was very impressionative on most individuals during its time. Rationalism or Realism was erected during the mid 19th century. Realism are ideas that are brought up in philosophical thinking. The realistic movement of the late 19th century saw authors accurately depict life and it's problems. Realists attempted to gi ve a comprehensive picture of modern life by presenting the entire picture. They did not try to give one view of life but instead attempted to show the different classes, manners, and stratification of life. The Rationalist recognizes that they must master their own destiny, using their unique powers of reason and the scientific method to solve problems. Such authors that represent these two eras are Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, William Wordsworth and Charles Darwin. Romantics believed that one needed to understand nature to understand oneself. In other words, only through nature could one discover who they are. Emerson shows this in his writing called "Nature". In the exert "†¦man beholds somewhat as beautiful as his own nature." This depicts Emerson's feelings toward nature; view nature as you view yourself. If one views nature as caring and compassionate, one will also see themselves as caring and compassionate. Similarly if you understand na ture you will know yourself better. As one gains wisdom from nature, one begins to realize that understanding is a gate way to the divine as well as to oneself. Other writers also agreed with this notion of nature. In the essay "Walden" by Thoreau, Thoreau had left society to move into a shelter outside of his town. By living on only the necessities he lived his life as simple as he could, thus fin... ...eling of the lump of figures in the center of the raft. The X form of the composition draws your eye all around the composition. The eye starts at the top right with the Revolutionary figure holding on to a piece of cloth in the colors of the French Revolution and then is drawn down the diagonal. Gà ©ricault then depicts the striving, the dying, and the dead as they overlap each other in a fierce struggle to survive. The eye is then drawn up and down the dark opposing diagonal. This whole scene is then placed on the mighty ocean to delineate the fact that the raft is a metaphor for France being on a hostile ocean of depravity. The Grande Odalisque also typifies Romanticism. Ingres, using example such as the Mannerist Parmaganino’s Madonna with a long neck, takes the artistic license to elongate the figure of this Turkish harem girl. Influenced by the neo-classical revival Ingres draws upon the Greek technique of flat linear forms and depicts his model in an impossible pos ition allow us the view of both her shoulders and her breast; the figure is given an extra three vertebrae in order to maintain this position. Ingres endows a feeling of sensuality into the figure instead of the pai

The Cove Analysis

The Cove: Analysis of Rhetorical and Cinematic Strategies The general reason for a documentary is to put forth factual information while attempting to convince the viewing audience of a specific point of view. The film crew behind ‘The Cove’ does this in a way that is informative and accurate, while presenting the information in a manner that allows the viewer to draw their own opinions. ‘The Cove’ follows famous Dolphin Trainer-turned-activist Ric O’Barrey into the dangerous land of Taiji, Japan, where dolphin genocide is occurring.The ‘dolphin trade’ that is taking place kills thousands of dolphins every year. While those behind the dolphin-capture and trade suggest that it is a Japanese tradition to murder dolphins for food and other goods, most of the civilians of Japan are completely oblivious to these affairs. Though many are against it, the phenomenon that is dolphin-capturing has not been stopped. This film makes a point to teach the audience about the events in the cove of Taiji, raise awareness of the inhumane dolphin-slaughter, and gain support and funding to stop the dolphin decimation.In order to persuade viewers to want to fight for the lives of these cetaceans, the film makers and producers use a series of rhetorical strategies, cinematic techniques, and recurring motifs to draw the audience in and capture their hearts with a pitiful and sympathetic understanding. â€Å"The Cove† has caused me to lament with the dolphins living in the cove of Taiji, compelling me to actively attempt to end dolphin-massacre, which is exactly what this successful documentary set out to accomplish.In order to convince the viewers of their point, director Louie Psihoyos and activist Ric O’Barrey use a combination of the rhetorical strategies logos, ethos, and pathos. The most prominent strategy applied in this film was the use of pathos. Pathos is defined as ‘an element in experience or in artistic rep resentation evoking pity or compassion. ’ (Mirriam-Webster) This strategy was first made prevalent as we watched dolphins being held in captivity. Even when they weren’t in their natural habitat, the dolphins were smiling, making an immediate connection with the viewer.Another moment when pathos is instated occurs when Ric emotionally recounts the personal story of the well-known and loved Flipper committing suicide in his arms. Not only does this invoke a sense of emotion in the viewer but it automatically puts us on Ric’s side, as he fights against anyone trying to harm them. The most conspicuous use of pathos is when we actually witness film of the dolphins being treated terribly and coldheartedly murdered by the Japanese dolphin traders.The image of innocent sea creatures being killed, grabbed, and run over by boats instantly lurches the viewing audience into distress, which is the reaction set out to attain by the film makers. The second rhetorical strategy used in this film is logos, or the appeal based on logic or reason (RPI. edu). The film makers present us with this method throughout the movie when statistics about the dolphins are projected on a black screen. This gives viewers straight information that seems unbiased and factual, in a sense that no images or scenes interact with the information given.Logos is also used when Ric is explaining to the viewer that dolphin’s have high levels of mercury. He makes the connection that if the Japanese people knew how high the mercury levels were, they would stop eating them. Also, many people are scammed into eating dolphin while assuming a purchase of another animal. So, the fact that many Japanese citizens have high mercury levels, and in many cases, mercury poisoning, means that dolphins should stop being consumed as a food source. This makes sense based on logic and reason.The last rhetorical strategy used in this film is ethos, or the ‘appeal based on the character of the speaker. An ethos-driven document relies on the reputation of the author. ’ This is obvious throughout the film, as Ric and Louis gain our confidence and trust as valid sources. They are able to attain our certainty by supplying us personal accounts of their scientific background. Also, we find out that Ric O’Barry is one of the most famous dolphin trainers in the world. His connection to the well-known television show, Flipper, puts him in an honest and authentic position in the viewers eye.This film used not only rhetorical strategies to convince the audience of a specific viewpoint, but also well-known cinematic techniques. Because the style of this film is a documentary, the actuality of this film automatically makes it more believable, plausible and realistic. If this was a film only based on true events and used actors or scripted stories, it would be harder to side against the dolphin traders, and seen more as a sad, entertainment type movie. Throughout the movie, the voice of the director or the activists is playing while the clips are being shown.This not only allows them to speak directly with the viewer, but lets beliefs and annotations flow freely. The exposition of a film is ‘background information, regarding setting, characters, and plots. ’ It is important in ‘The Cove’ because an introduction to the matter at hand is necessary, and it also presents the initial position and stance regarding the issue. In the film, montage clips are often used showing dolphins in distress and captivity. These clips are often juxtaposed to scenes of wild and free dolphins, roaming the ocean and jumping through waves.This creates a sense of drama, and gives us something to compare and contrast. It sets up a ‘good and bad’ or ‘right and wrong’ which is important when proving a point. A very common technique used in this film, as in most documentaries, is the interview. Well-qualified scholars and activists, divers, and volunteers were chosen carefully. Interviews can be very helpful when trying to get point across because specific questions can be asked to get certain answers. The setting of an interview is also taken into account. For example, in Ric O’Barry’s interview, we see that there is a dolphin painting in the background.We also can see that he is in a home-like setting. This is easily relatable and makes us think that his life revolves around the small cetaceans. Also, the fact that those being interviewed are all in accordance shows that the view and opinion is shared by many, and is therefore a valid belief. Some of the most persuasive information comes from the repeated structures throughout the movie. Camera angles, lighting, and background sound effects all are chosen carefully and attempt to convince the viewer of a specific attitude. For example, we quickly note that the Japanese dolphin traders are the antagonists of this film.Every shot we see of the man named ‘personal space’ is from a personal camera and tends to be very close-up. The obvious protagonists are the main ‘characters’ because we are able to sympathize with them. A dolphin is shown drowning after taking its last breath. Once this scene is over, the camera turns to the two divers, and shows that their faces are filled with sorrow. Concurrently, we see the men laughing as dolphin is drowning right in front of them. These scenes were not chosen at random, but rather were selected to further intensify the cruelty of the traders and capitalize on the glory that we see in our narrators.Lighting has a large part in the mood of a film. Whenever the editor’s want us to view something as ‘bad’, shots that are dark, dramatic, or in night vision are shown. This contrasts the bright colors and lights that accompany our dolphin heros in scenes and interviews. The music and sound effects also affect the manner of a film. For i nstance, whenever we were meant to feel happy, aquarium music would play, as opposed to the deep and dark lighthouse bells ringing when the dolphin cove was on screen. I believe that the most effective technique used in this film was the feeling of suspense.Many of the images were captured through ‘hidden camera. ’ This provides a sense of reality and lets us know for a fact that what we are seeing is raw film. Also, the sense of secrecy reveals how urgent this situation is. Although this, in my opinion, was the most persuasive, the combination of every strategy was necessary to the documentary’s success. This film was able to use cinematic and filmography techniques along with a strong sense of rhetoric to generally convince the viewers of the makers’ beliefs and point of view on the topic at hand.

Gary Klein and William Glasser Doctors Essay

Psychology, according to Webster’s Dictionary is the study of mind and behavior in relation to a particular field of knowledge or activity.   This is a wide open field, with hundreds of theories and practices. It’s daunting to compare them and utilize their benefits to an individual.   Psychologists based on patients needs have to decide what specific therapy would be advisable to use; some even develop they’re own therapy methods.   Two such doctors, Gary Klein and William Glasser did just that; researched developed and put into fruition they’re own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gary Klein received his Ph.D. in experimental psychology from the University of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in l969.   He was an Associate Professor of Psychology at Oakland University, California, from l970 to l974.   Klein worked as a research psychologist for the United States Air Force from l974 to 1978.   He is a fellow of the American Psychological Association, has written over seventy papers and authored several books.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Klein, is Chief Scientist of the Klein Association, a group he established in l978, â€Å"to understand how to improve decision making in individuals and teams.†Ã‚   He is one of the founder’s n the field of â€Å"naturalistic decision making.†Ã‚   Dr. Klein’s extensive work on recognition decision making includes the design of new systems and interfaces, and decision training programs.   He has determined, through research that effective decision making is problem detection, option generation, and sense make planning and re-planning.  He and his associates use CTA methods to study decision making in more than â€Å"60 domains, including firefighting, command and control, software troubleshooting,   healthcare, and consumer purchasing.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cognitive learning requires a different concept of the learning process. It depends profoundly on mental models, which is a â€Å"cluster of fundamental beliefs about how things happen.† We need to â€Å"revise our belief system as experience shows the inadequacy of our current ways of thinking,† Dr. Klein states (iscram.org).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Klein’s books detail his theories and highlight his research projects, they also provide the tools needed for individuals to practice competent decision making.   His most popular book is the â€Å"Source of Power,† published in l999.   This book discusses the theory Dr. Klein and his associates developed called, â€Å"naturalistic decision-making.† It essentially lends validity of scientific research to techniques that most of us use every day; intuition, â€Å"which is based on the rapid (perhaps even subconscious) interpretation of perceptual cues;† there’s mental simulation, â€Å"a finely honed method of visualization,† storytelling, and metaphor, which â€Å"enable decision -makers to devise meaningful frameworks and compare present situations to previous events.† Dr. Klein tells us that  no one is born with an inherent â€Å"mastery† of these techniques, but we are all born with the â€Å"capability† to develop them through experience. His book titled â€Å"Working Minds: A Practitioner’s Guide to Cognitive Task Analysis, in 2006, co-authored with   Beth Cramdall and Robert Hoffman, depicts how to collect data about cognitive processes and events; how to analyze CTA, and communicate findings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The Power of Intuition,† written in 2004 demonstrates that the expertise to recognize patterns and other cues that enables us, intuitively – to make right decisions, is a natural extension of experience.   Klien defines a three tiered process called the â€Å"Exceleration Program.†Ã‚   Readers are provided with the tools needed to help make â€Å"tough choices, notice potential problems, manage uncertainty, and size up situations quickly.† He professes how to communicate these decisions more effectively, how to coach others in the â€Å"art of intuition,† and recognize an â€Å"over dependence† on information technology (librarything.com).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dr. Klein is most known for his theory of Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) the movement originated at a conference in Dayton, Ohio in l989, which resulted in a book with Caroline Zsambok, aptly titled â€Å"Naturalistic Decision Making,† in l996.   This book describes in detail there theory, and also put it in simple layman’s words; â€Å"naturalistic decision making, (NDW) is the way people use their experiences to make decisions.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Naturalistic Decision Making framework focuses on cognitive functions, such as decision making, sensemaking, situational awareness, planning – which emerge in natural settings and take forms that are not easily replicated in the laboratory; basically  real life situations and observations are used. NDM s components show experts how to make decisions in the real world using descriptive methods, stresses, and time pressures. Other related research areas include; behavioral decision theory, judgment decision making and organizational decision making (2).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The forms of NDM are: Recognition primed decision making.   Related theories methods: critical decision method, exploration based theory, and image theory.   NDM and teams are the most used aspect of this theory, based on studying teams in their natural environment – real teams performing real tasks in real settings.   Also, contextual focus as opposed to more general and abstract (9).   To break NDM down to the core, it is a method of making decision’s using real situations, not hypotheses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Work Cited everything2com. â€Å"William Glasser.† 2 Mar 2002. 1 May 2008 http://everything2.com/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   e2node/William%2520Glasser Glasser,William. â€Å"The Glasser Approach.† The William Glasser Insitute. 1 May 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://wglasser.com iscram.org. â€Å"Gary Klein.†   ISCRAM Community.   28 Nov 2007. 30 April 2008. http://   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.iscram.org/index.php?option=content&tast=view&id=1984&Itemid=2 librarything.com. â€Å"Descriptions.†   Library Thing. 1 May 2008 http://www.librarything.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   com/work/61019/descriptions/ ocw.mit.edu. â€Å"Naturalistic Decision Making.† 2 May 2008. http://ocw.mit.edu